Introduction The History Of Schizophrenia Psychology Essay

Introduction The History Of Schizophrenia Psychology EssaySchizophrenia from the classical word (schizo) means split and (phrenia) means mind is a psychiatric disease characterised by despotic, negative and cognitive dysfunctions (Andreasen, 1997 Meltzer, 1999a, b Meltzer et al., 1999 Weinberger and G onlyhofer, 1997). These symptoms argon characterized by delusions, h on the wholeucinations, loss of abstract thinking and difficulty to differentiate between ingenuousness and fantasy. In general, symptoms differ from one person to another.Schizophrenia has been known to homo since the ancient Egyptians. The ancient Egyptians described disturbances in thought and behaviour which is seen in dementia praecox. Many of the dementia praecox symptoms have been described in ancient Greek, Romans and Chinese scripts. During that sequence, these societies had an awareness of psychotic disorders and believed they were caused by demons and evil spirits. Treatment of psychotic disorders w as exorcising of the demons which varied enormously from mild and safe treatment much(prenominal) as exposing the enduring to certain music to more invasive and fatal treatment such as drilling into the tolerants skull (Schizophrenia.com, (nd). The History of Schizophrenia.online Available http//www.schizophrenia.com/history.htm. Last accessed 13 declination 2009).Our belowstanding and differentiation of schizophrenia from other mental disorders alterd and influenced by Huglings-Jacksons postulations in 1984. His possibleness influences most of schizophrenia researchers until now such as (Andreasen et al., 1995 Meares, 1999a, b). He classified psychosis as a neurological disorder and categorize excessive behaviour as positive symptoms and absence in emotions, obstetrical delivery and social withdrawal as negative symptoms. The most chief(prenominal) of his hypothesis is that he proposed that negative symptoms are caused as a result of abnormalities in the brain and positi ve symptoms result from cognitive deficits (as cited in Beck, 2009)Another important scientist is Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist, who introduced the term dementia praecox in 1896. He observe a number of young patients and came to a conclusion from his extensive clinical observation with three symptoms hebephrenia (purposeless, disorganised) catatonia (immobility and anxiety) and paranoia (delusions and h every last(predicate)ucinations). He grouped them under dementia praecox (early dementia) as he observed these symptoms in young bighearted patients. He also identified works store deficits, attentional deficits and lack of organisation (Kraepelin et al., 1919)The instituteing father of schizophrenia is Eugen Bleuler, a Swedish psychiatrist, who introduced the schizophrenia term and classified schizophrenia as a mental disorder (Bleuler and Zinkin, 1950) and went beyond Kraepelins observations. He characterised schizophrenia symptoms into primary symptoms and secondary s ymptoms. Primary symptoms involve social withdrawal and attentional deficit and were benefaction in all schizophrenia patients and had brain abnormalities causes. Secondary symptoms which include delusions, hallucination, catatonia and these symptoms were not natural for diagnosis and they had no pathological brain abnormalities. He proposed that there is a link between underlying neurological pathology that results in the manifestation of the symptoms (as cited in Beck, 2009)Besides the positive and negative symptoms experienced by schizophrenia patient cognitive deficits are also one of the core symptoms experienced by schizophrenia patients. Cornblatt and his colleagues (1997) pointed out(p) that attentional deficits and other cognitive deficits observed in patients are part of the disorder symptoms but they are independent of the positive and the negative symptoms and do not respond to treatment (Cornblatt et al., 1997). cognitive deficits frequently lead to the expression of psychosis (Erlenmeyer-Kimling et al., 2000) and tend to be no deterioration of the symptoms all over time (Albus et al., 2002). Cognitive deficits present even after subsidence of psychosis and unaffected(p) by antipsychotic treatment (Harvey and Keefe, 2001 Keefe et al., 2007).Measurement and Treatment Research to alter Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS)As a result of the devastated logical implication of this disorder, research has now started to focus on developing drugs to meliorate erudition in schizophrenia patients and also to improve social and employment. This led the case Institute of Mental Health (NIH) to the initiation of the MATRICS (Marder and Fenton, 2004). The MATRICS initiative aim is to improve current treatment and also to develop new drugs that help improve science in patients. (Green et al., 2004) MATRIC Program (nd) MATRICS.ucla.edu. online Available http//www.matrics.ucla.edu/.htm. Last accessed 13 December 2009).MATRICS create a consensus that concluded the of import common features of cognitive deficits found in schizophrenia patients. These seven cognitive deficits are oral learning and shop, visual learning and depot, reasoning and problem solving, speed of processing, works memory and social cognition. These seven domains should be represented in a cognitive battery to evaluate the effects of new drugs on cognition in schizophrenia (Nuechterlein et al., 2004).In order to develop new drugs to deepen cognition in schizophrenia, preclinical test batteries are required to imitate schizophrenia cognitive domains in vivo. Floresco and his colleagues (2005) considered two methods for developing cognitive range and animal models to mimic schizophrenia symptoms by (i) using lesions or drugs intercession to alter systems which fetchs to schizophrenia disorder and (ii) to develop animal models that characterise schizophrenia symptomatology (Floresco et al., 2005)Animal models to mimic schizophrenia in Laboratoryphencycl idine hydrochloride was first of all used as a surgical anaesthetic but it was found to cause schizophrenia-like symptoms in patients after surgery (Morris et al., 2005). PCP antagonises non-competitively N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor (Anis et al., 1983). It binds to post within channel pore which is accessible when the pore is open and antagonism is use use-dependent (Morris et al., 2005). PCP also antagonises other ion channels such as voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the same stylus as the NMDA receptor but not use-dependent(Oswald et al., 1984). It also antagonises membrane proteins of sigma receptors and all dopamine and noradrenaline transporters (Garey and Heath, 1976 Pubill et al., 1998). These actions of PCP are less potent than its actions on the NMDA receptor. Yet, schizophrenia patients show reduced CNS nicotinic receptors activity and elevated limbic dopamine level and compromised sodium and potassium cha nnel function (Morris et al., 2005). Thus, these actions contribute partially to the schizophrenia symptoms and action at NMDA receptor remains the main site of action (Morris et al., 2005)Showing PCP and ketamine to cause schizophrenia-like symptoms in healthy patients ((Adler et al., 1999 Allen and Young, 1978 Krystal et al., 1994 Luby et al., 1959) led to hypothesis that schizophrenia is related to NMDA hypofunction in the limbic system (Olney and Farber, 1995) which is supported by post-mortem examination studies in schizophrenia patients screening evidence of decreased expression of NMDA receptor subunits and associated proteins in the brain of schizophrenia patient compared to control (Noga et al., 1997 Sokolov, 1998)Thus, PCP has been used to model cognitive deficits in animal models (Jentsch and Roth, 1999 Mandillo et al., 2003 Sams-Dodd, 1998). Sub-chronic administration of PCP has been found to produce schizophrenia-like symptoms in rodents (Jentsch and Roth, 1999). Cogni tive dysfunction induced by sub-chronic injection of PCP results in deficits in works memory and inhibtitory in control in rodents and monkeys (Jentsch and Roth, 1999).In the present champaign, we are only concerned with works memory. The term working memory was first introduced by David Olton and Werner Honig in the 1970s (as cited in Dudchenko, 2004).Working memory is defined the retrieval of information learnt over a delay of time within sessions but not necessarily between sessions (Dudchenko, 2004).The holeboard task was developed by Oades in1978 and this behavioral test is useful as it allows each in the test to develop its own method of finding food injection (Oades and Isaacson, 1978) making this behavioural test a good experimental initiation to assess spatial working memory in rodents. This test curse on intact hippocampus and performance was impaired following lesions in the ventral tegmentum (Oades, 1982)The test can only be carried out in rats. The test apparatus consisted of an arena 70-70-50cm with 16 holes 3.5cm wide and 2cm deep (Oades and Isaacson, 1978). The animals are left to explore the arena to adapt to the apparatus with food beingness placed in all of the holes, the animals deprived from food before the number one of the test and this time food is only allocated at 4 holes out of the 16 holes (Oades and Isaacson, 1978)The test which have been developed to mimic deficits in working memory seen in schizophrenia patients are useful to assess working memory in rodents but with difficulties and confliction in defining working memory between rodents and humans make it hard to model this cognition in animal models and to assess the effect of antipsychotic drugs.The core aim of this study was to assess the effects of sub-chronic PCP treatment on the spatial working memory using the 16-hole. It is expected that sub-chronic treated rats will perform indisposed in this task as sub-chronic PCP induce deficits in working memory in animal models (Jentsch and Roth, 1999).Objectives of this experiment is firstly is the habituation of 16 female rats to the 16-hole-board for 3 days and the food is available in all of the 16 holes, then the food will be placed in only 4 holes and the animals will be trained to eat and call down these holes only for 7 days and is then followed by the administration of sub-chronic PCP (2mg/kg, n=8) or vehicle (0.9% saline, n=8) intraperitoneally for 7 days followed by washout of the drug for 7 days and then carrying out the behavioural test.

Buying a House Vs Renting an Apartment

purchasing a House Vs Renting an ApartmentBuying a folk bottom of the inning be an exciting experience for any oneness. However, in almost cases you just might be soften off act to rent your kinsperson. There are many advantages to get a inhabitation. However, it is non for everyone and buying varies from individual to individual. Currently more people are leaning towards undertake but this could heighten in the near future. later doing the query and looking at all told the options Buying a House is the opera hat way to go.When someone makes the decision to buy or rent a phratry they must take on the advantages and disadvantages of each. In buying a mansion office the primary advantage is that you actually own it. You bottom of the inning do any(prenominal) you want with it. Also, you are building equity as the age go by. However, when they buy a home, the money they put drink down for a down honorarium is an investment.When the person sells the home they sh it back the down remuneration and the amount the property has cherishd in value. When looking at the advantages of renting it is easy to see the disadvantages of buying for some people. Even though you dont trounce the money back that you spend.Renting vs. buying really just depends on your personal needs. Both drop advantages, but neither is the perfect natural selection for everyone. The first list applies to renting an apartment and the second list is for home buyers.Keep in mind that there are many things to consider when choosing between the two, but this list just touches on a a few(prenominal) of the differences. Much of it is just personal preference, so its important to figure out whats proper(a) for you.Advantages to Renting an ApartmentIf you move frequently, or youre unsure of how longsighted youll be staying in the area, renting could be the better choice.People in the military are often better off with renting an apartment, since they could be stationed somewh ere else at any time.When you rent, you dont have to worry about things interchangeable mowing the lawn, repairing a leaky roof, buying a new hot piss heater, or most other things that require maintenance.Renting can as well be the first step towards buying a home, since you can get to know the area before you buy a mark. It would be a shame to buy a house, then a few months later, concupiscence that you lived a few miles away.Advantages to Buying a HouseWhen you buy a house, its generally a good investment that will increase in value. This might not be the case if you plan on piteous right back out shortly after moving in, though.Its yours to change as you see fit. Want to add a bathroom? direct a shed in the back tempo? Paint it a different color? Its nice to feel like you can do what you want because its actually yours, rather than having to read the fine print of your lease lease before doing something as simple as putting up a shelf.Having a yard is one of the obvious advantages, where you can diffuse up some sun while enjoying some privacy, rather than respite out at a crowded public pool area. The yard advantage is also important for people with large pets that might not be allowed in an apartment.Home equity loans often come in handy for people that want to redecorate or put an sum on their home.Privacy is nice and having your own yard is great if you have kids, or just like to sit outside and enjoy some peace and quiet.When you live in some communities, whether you buy a house or live in an apartment complex, some have nonindulgent guidelines that you have to follow. In some subdivisions, certain things like the height of your fink in lawn, car repairs in the driveway, leaving garage doors open, or point what you can have in your yard are not allowed. These rules can seem like a lot to some, but they can also be nice if you end up next to a populate whose every action lowers property values in the area. When does it make star to buy? People, who have generally rented their whole lives, purchase a home for various reasons. Owning something of value with a chance ofwatching their investment appreciate is one reason. Purchasing a home to save money over the long-term is another.Example Lets say youre currently renting a two-bedroom, two-bath apartment. Your periodical rent is $1,000. You find a two-bedroom, two-bath at a market value of $250,000 (roughly the national average.) You have $25,000 saved enough for a 10 part down payment. For the purpose of this example, youre looking to finance $225,000, which includes closing costs.Using one of several mortgage calculators on the Internet, your monthly payment would be virtually $1,385 for a 30-year fixed loan at an APR of 6.20 percent (the national average). After taxes and appreciation in equity, your monthly payment over five age would average $499 per month.Costs Savings of Buying versus RentingCalculationsRentleverageMonthly rent/estimated mortgage paymen t$1,000$1,385Purchase price of home$250,000Percentage of down payment25,000Length of loan term (years)30Interest rate6.2%Years you plan to stay in the home5 annual property tax rate1%Yearly home value appreciation rate4%ResultsPrice of home after appreciation$304,163Remaining balance after 5 years209,887Equity in house94,276Tax savings (28% bracket)23,030Avg. monthly payment over time1,047499Total payments (over 5 years)$62,820$29,973Total savings if buying$32,847Source Ginniemae.gov. These calculations are estimates only. You should always seek the guidance of financial or tax experts before making any buying decisions.The outcome could dramatically change should an unforeseen economic downturn or financial austereness occur (e.g., home improvement costs, catastrophic damage, etc.). While, no one can predict if home appreciation values will spiral downward, or if mortgage interest rates will rise, its clear that under the right circumstances home ownership can be financially rewar ding. (Provided by informa Research Services).In the beginning, I was convinced that renting an apartment was the crush way to go, but after doing the research and looking at all the data on the financial side, I found that it is far better to buy a house than it is to rent an apartment.

The Differences Between Athens And Sparta History Essay

The Differences Between Athences And Sparta History Essaycapital of Greece and Sparta may be on the same country and even on the same continent, merely many differences can be found between these two city-states, They were smashed together on a map, yet far apart in what they valued and how they lived their lives (White, 2010). Some of the things they have differences, are the types of regime each of then used to rule their cities. The cultivation may have some similarities yet at the end they differ in little things, as the multitude organization. The citizens on these two cities were in some part similar however also a little different as many of the things I had already talked about on the above. Both, Sparta and Athens did different things for their benefits and this things gave them the opportunity of commix more and the ecesis of a raw(a) governing body c whole democracy. in that location were three types of governments used by this two cities monarchy, oligarchy and democracy. Each of them with different characteristics and that it identicalness and differ them from each other(a). Monarchy for example, is a type of government that consists that a strengthfulness or a queen are the ones that rule the city, making e realone do what they order to do. Oligarchy, on the other hand is a government in which a small group of citizens gather together and they are the ones that misrepresent the taking of decisions (White, 2010). This were the types of governments that grievouss and Athenians used to reassure they cities, which at the end created the formation if a new government called democracy a system of government in which citizens vote to make governmental decisions.On Sparta, the battalion that could be citizens were solitary(prenominal) the men and they need to be 30 years old. No women were allowed to be deliberateed a citizen and of course they were altogether used to be housekeepers. Some of the women in Sparta owned lands and that was one the reason they were the freest women in Greece. Like in here, this indite says Citizen women were free to move around and enjoyed a great deal of freedom. Spartan women could own and control their own property (Unknown Author, Lets Compare at the term of Pericles, about 475 430 B.C).On Athens, the wealthy noble people that owned land were the ones that were consider citizens. One similarity between this two cities, were that no women where consider citizens precisely on Athens they werent allowed to own land. They also divided themselves into common people that didnt own land and the helots, which were free Greeks that had lived in Sparta before they were conquered.Not all the things between Sparta and Athens were altogether different, there were some things which they had similar things. For example, on the focussing of government they both had a person or persons which were the ones that control the city and the things they were suppose to do. For example, Both Ath ens and Sparta had an Assembly, whose members were elected by the people. Sparta was govern by two kings, who ruled until they died or were forced out of office. Athens was ruled byarchons, who were elected annually (White, 2010). Their military tactics and movements werent completely the same but they both had an soldiers thatOrtegn 2could sustain them. Also the weapons they used were similar, as helmets and swords. The educations for these two cities were similar in the way that they teach things, not the same things but they learned things. Also this education was mostly for men in both of the cities.Some differences they had on the things I just said were notably marked and they were constantly seen. On their government for example, the Spartan form was calledoligarchy, but it had elements of monarchy, democracy, andaristocracy(Unknown Author, Athens vs Sparta). They had a king which went with them to war and all the things they assisted, but he wasnt the one that took the de cisions the citizens were the ones that decided things. Instead on Athens, they used the democracy as they way of governing, which for them was more organized, but they were unsophisticated because only the wealthy noble people were the ones that could vote. On their military part, Sparta only focused themselves into teach their people to fight and know how to defend themselves, quite Athens gave the options to men to take the decision if they wanted to join the army or not and study another thing.At the end, both of these city-states helped to the formation and evolution of the democracy, which in now days are used in most of the countries around the world. Sparta in somehow used the democracy but only a little group and even more in a group of old men which they didnt had knowledge of the things that were happening. Athens, on the other hand already used the democracy but a very restricted way which limited the common people to vote. Both of this forms of government opened the e yes of many tyrants and rules which at the end, when Greece united for the fight of power between Persia. It evolved and in a way it expanded around, giving new options to the world.Ortegn 3

An Analysis Of The Sony Corporation

An Analysis Of The Sony CorporationCurrent ActivitiesTo twenty-four hours, the Sony Corporation is a multinational pile up headquartered in Toyko, japan. The come with is bingle of the worlds largest media conglomerates and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronics, video, communication, video games consoles and IT products for the consumer and work foodstuffs. However, Sony is better kn let for its risque quality consumer electronics, which account for 61% of measure revenues. In 2008, the caller had revenues exceeding 7.730.00 Trillion or $78.88. (Rugman, 2009)ProductsModern day Sony is cognize for its innovative products such(prenominal) as the Triniton colour television Bravia in last spirits Definition television Playstation video console VAIO laptop Music energetic phones Walkman and Discman personal stereos.(See accessory B. For a list of Sonys product)Modern Strategy assimilation Industry and Media SynergySony is recognised as a total enjoyment phone r. This means it is no longer simply a manufacturer of scientific hardware plainly is an integral infract of a kindisation perseverance. Sony likes to subscribe to a media synergy.This term was employed to refer to a strategy, adopted by many hardware and software producing companies of attempting to synchronize and actively forge connections amongst directly related technologies and areas of delight. (du Gay, 1997)ProductsFor its speech sound-visual products Sonys strategy boils d deliver to producing audio, visual and electronic gadgets and exacting the heart and soul that goes finished them. For example, Sonys victoryful Playstation 2 games console allows the company to reserve the hardware needful for the firm to capture the games foodstuff. (Rugman, 2009)The strategy reflects Sonys media synergy which came part from an ac be intimateledgment that Sonys Walkman1 was useless without the c pluste that was inserted to it, which was in turn useless without the musi cal arranging artists and the companys Betamax videocassette2 recorder was useless without video-cassettes of burgeon forths and music. (du Gay, 1997)More all over, the outright receiveership of CBS (music), MGM (movies) and Sony BMG (Music) allows the company access the film and movie industry and music artists. These are builds of entertainment which are viewed and listened to via Sonys products. marketTo support the companys commitment to succeeding spherically and brain how business line is performed elsewhere, the company seeks to fit into host country communities. Therefore Sony seeks toHire topical anaestheticly flush a balance between the home culture and local cultureParticipate in the local community.In addition, Sony prefers to list the company on the local stock exchange appoint well respected local executives to the Board of Directors and create a local product scattering remains. (du Gay, 1997) planetaryization HistorySonys entry into foreign markets appea rs to have followed the typical internationalistization exhibit. (See prototype 1.1) The company initially obtained a license from a US company, ships bell Lab, in order to recreate the transistor utilize science in its radio. These products were make growd with success and original introduced to the local lacquerese market. The products were consequently merchandiseed to markets of analogous consuming habits. exporting of these dangerouss occurred via a distri saveors and then some time later through and through the companys own subsidiaries. Factories were then establish in dissimilar markets, where products could be produced closer to the export market and at a cost discount. The final stage of the FDI put to work occurred when Sony embarked upon open up its own RD and trade facilities, enabling lasting market social movement and understanding of foreign markets.The growth of Sony as a company and its technologies occurred inside a process of interaction betwe en the US and lacquer. As the company grew, Sony executives pee-peeed whapledge from unbroken visits to the US, acquired the rights to produce transistors from the US and found that North the States provided a major market for its audio-visual products. The adoption of the stool Sony and the standardization of products such as the Walkman were adopted with the aim of being a global mail (du Gay, 1997)Sony offset embarked upon FDI via a wholly owned marcher in the US in 1960. However, over the last 60 years it has carryd in Joint backs (JVs), Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) and Strategic Alliances. (E.G. Sony-Ericsson, Sony-Microsoft and Sony-Sharpe)Throughout the 1980s two aftermathant developments record how Sony began actively extending its aim as a global corporation. First, the company aimed to interlace in all markets across the world, to r to each one as many cap big businessman consumers as possible. Second, the company aimed to reorganize processes of output in such a way so that they would not be limited to the constraints of the nation state. In such a case, a particular concern was how the effectiveness and international agonisticness of Japanese companies were constrained by the value of the Japanese YEN. This meant that goods produced in Japan were more expensive when exported and in competition with those in separate parts of the world. (du Gay, 1997)To pursue these aims, Sony adopted a strategy of globalisation that involve moving their manufacturing and marketing operations to different locations around the world and set up local operations in different locations around the world. (du Gay, 1997) cardinal of Sonys motives for moving its manufacturing operations was a straight-forward attempt to follow its competitors and reduce aim costs. For example, the starting Walkmans were manufactured and assembled in Japan so that the companys management could be close to operations and make any necessary modifications, once up and run ning and not requiring so many modifications, additional assembly chemical elementies were naturalized in Malaysia and Taiwan. (du Gay, 1997)The gradual move came to move operations so that they could resolve directly to local conditions. For example, Teletext was verit sufficient onsite in the UK and Triniton TV was developed topically in France. (du Gay, 1997)An additional practical consideration was that by establishing and presenting themselves as a local company, Sony could use unlike national and pan regional rules and regulations to contact the most appropriate and cost effective environment to manufacture and produce its products. The company could exploit cheap labour in Malaysia, take avail of grants there were available to attract new electronic industries in the UK. (du Gay, 1997)In the 1980s 1990s, Sony began to rapidly expand into europium. (See Appendix A- history timeline). Sony was vigorous in its international expansion. The company chose to expand into si milar markets, such as US and Europe. These markets had large populations, high incomes per capita and a consumer culture. Therefore, the other two TRIAD regions were good markets to promote and sell Sony products.The companys strategy is to be present in its market of distribution and therefore it constituted a number of factories to develop and look at its products. The objective is to understand the local market and consumer demands. Sony has a strategy of introducing its products scratch to its local market (Japan), testing consumer preferences and then introduces these products to its international markets.The adoption of the name Sony (in 1957) was alike an attempt to communicate the brand and its products to the market. Sony was able to do this over a operative period of time. Sony learnt solidly from technological, productivity and efficiency alterments this was a stimulant for its international trade and the international product life cycle. (Vernon, 1966)Today, Sony has developed a strategy to not only create applied science but to control the content that goes into them. Therefore Sony has embarked upon a number of MAs. First with a 50/50 JV with CBS, which Sony at last bought outright and also a surmisal with capital of South Carolina Tristar Pictures, MGM, BMI and a number of media companies. Sony has also embarked upon JVs with software companies such as Microsoft. The companys strategy is to be present across all levels of the entertainment industry.CASE STUDIESSONY WALKMANWalkman is a trademark of Sony Corporation, used originally to market its prototype of portable audio musicians. In July, 1979, the original Sony Walkman portable music player the TPS L2 was introduced. Sony promoted the concept of enjoying music, anywhere, anytime using industry advertisements featuring celebrities with the product. The first Walkman was marketed under the Walkman brand in Japan, but in other markets it was originally sold under various names inc luding Soundabout (USA), Stowaway (UK) and Freestyle in Australia. Walkman players become rattling popular in Japan and foreign tourists visiting Japan who bought them as souvenirs, this prompted Sony to standardise the name to Walkman worldwide (Uggla and Verick, 2008)SONY-ERICSSONSony Ericcson was established as a 50/50 Joint Venture in 2001 by Sony and Ericsson (a fluid communications infrastructure and systems business establish in Sweden) Sony Ericsson functions as a separate entity designing, producing and marketing cellular phones and accessories. It had revenues of 13 billion euros in 2007, from the scale of 100 million units which is a global market dispense of 9%. (Uggla and Verick, 2008)Sony Ericsson had recognised a segment for employ music phones various MP-3 enabled handsets were on the market but there was forgetful differentiation among them. Sony Ericsson decided to investigate and launch a music phone. The company decided to incorporate Walkman into the music phone branding. Sony established that Walkman branding further around 67% of people to buy the phone by adding credibleness to the music player. (Uggla and Verick, 2008) transnationalisation TheoriesThe following trade theories are applicable to Sonys process when entering new marketsDunnings Eclectic Paradigm of InternationalisationSony was able to successfully expand abroad collectible to its firm particularised and intellectual warring values. Furthermore, the company had successfully established itself in its home market and generating adapted expertness to export its high-tech consumer electronics abroad.FSA Sony possesses FSAs through the development of intellectual capital. In addition, the Sony brand names (e.g. Walkman, Playstation, Triniton, Bravia) carry significant worldwide consumer value ascribable to superior FSAs over both domestic and international rivals Sony was able to operate in FDI. Amongst other things Sonys first FSA was it transistor technology. Th rough this, Sony was able to tick off itself from its rivals. It was able to provide high tech, desirable products.Sonys FSA also came from its personnel. The companys co-owners (a Physicist and an Engineer), managers and other employees were of high quality, possessed a high degree of technical know-how and desire to improve the companys industry position. internalisation Sony possesses know-how and competitive advantage through the development of its products first at home and then applying this knowledge to foreign markets such as the USA and the Europe. As previously mentioned Sony was able to acquire foreign technology. The technology licence provided access to the transistor and allowed Sony to agnise foreign technological know-how. gibe to Dunnings Eclectic paradigm Sonys strategy allowed the firm to acquire an intangible asset (transistor technology) apply this technology to its products, and then create a firm specific advantage. The intangible asset provided Sony with a n exclusive piece of know-how that was specific to the firm.CSA Sony embarked upon FDI through the cut-rate sale of its products not only in its home market but also in the US, Europe and eventually the rest of the world. For example, once the transistor had been applied to its radio, Sony sold this item in markets with similar tastes and income per capita. For example, after introducing the TR-55 radio to Japan in 1955, Sony then exported and sold its radios in the US and next Europe in 1957.This could not have occurred without the existence of consumer demand. Sony also took advantage of well-situated industry subsidies and national legislation, which support the presence of high tech industries for example, the opening of Bridgend Factory in Wales.According to the eclectic paradigm, all three of the conditions necessary for FDI were present when Sony started its internationalisation process. Sony sought to annex its internalisation advantages and reduce execution costs, thro ugh the purchase and development of new technology and reduce motion costs through the establishment of its own subsidiary and grind. Sonys actions increased its firm-specific advantages, through know-how and innovation. The company internalised and possessed an advantage over its rivals by retaining the technological know-how, quite a than licence it to its competitors. Sony reduced the risk and threats from competitors by retaining its knowledge.DistributionSonys Initial finis to export its products via a distributor illustrates that company saw value in having a presence within the US market, but the company lacked significant knowledge of the market to justify distributing the products itself. Moreover, it was profitable to export products to the US as there was an abundance of wealth, the US consumer culture, and retail distribution networks. However, trade barriers, import taxes and unfavourable distribution contracts eventually led Sony to establish a subsidiary within th e US market.Overseas Production MalaysiaFurthermore, Sony eventually located part of its intersection process to Malaysia. This occurred once the company was satisfied with its local and international products. This also occurred in order to offset the rising costs in the home market, Japan. Sony was able to engage in FDI to Malaysia as the company had generating ample amounts of FSAs and ISAs.Uppsala Internationalisation Process ModelPart of Sonys business strategy is known as localisation, which is the commitment to gaining market knowledge, cultural understanding and business expertise. Sony has initially licensed its transistor know-how from the US, it was decided that the company should also introduce its products to this market. The Uppsala sample can therefore be applied to Sonys internationalisation process.When Sony first entered the US and Europe markets, the company knew little about local consumer demand. The attractions were solely the amend populations, high incom es per capita, government trade measures and distribution networks. In addition, Sony believed that consumers in these markets were similar to those in Japan.When Sony Executive visited the US and Europe, they collected data collection and canvas local consumer demand, at this point it was decided to export products to these locations. Sony then connected itself to further to the US and then Europe, through the establishment of its foreign subsidiaries, Sony the States and Sony Corporation S.A. in 1960. The establishment of these subsidiaries resulted in further FDI, through distribution systems, marketing campaigns and listing on the local Stock Exchange.Sony was able to quash some of its foreign company disadvantage as its held a constant presence within the local markets. The company committed itself to understanding how consumers stand and their reactions to new products. Sony was eventually able to engage in FDI as it gained significant knowhow, from exporting, distributing and establishing its own subsidiary, reducing transaction costs. Sony also used its current in operation(p) model and consumer tastes to establish itself in markets which it believed to be similar its own.For example, when Sony introduced its VAIO laptop to the US, the charge and high technical specifications unlike Japan, were not popular with US consumers. Sony eventually modified its laptops to US consumer tastes. This led to a reduction in hurt and operating features which US consumers preferred.Joint Ventures (JVs) and PartnershipsSonys JVs, collaborationistships, mergers and attainments can be understood through the application of the Uppsala business modelThe JV with Ericsson allows the company to gain a first mover advantage from standard setting in the mobile telecommunication industry. Also, the JV allows instant access to the European consumer markets. The company seeks to gain an understanding of these distinct markets but does not have the time and know how. The J V establishes instant knowledge, with reduced acquisition times, creating instant presence and expertise within these markets.Hymerian Theory noncompetitive Advantage TheorySonys issuance of ADRs in the early 1960s can be understood through the Hymers surmisal of Monopolistic Advantage, Market Power approach and Product and Factor market imperfections.Sony was able to exploit market imperfections as it could conquer threats from local firms due its ownership advantages (superior technological know-how, economies of scale at home) and other internalised advantages (managerial bring forth, product developments, animated supply chains, cost advantages). This allowed Sony to obtain favourable political ties, market connections and social positioning despite the fact Sony was a foreign firm. It was therefore good for local Americans to take an equity position within such a rapidly emerging company.Moreover, Sony was operating in an oligopolistic market, according to Hymers theory of Monopolistic Advantage FDI takes place in such markets or industries rather than markets or industries operating under near perfect competition. Markets imperfections, allowed Sony to obtain global competitive advantage. Companys which offer investors consistently high rates of return, due to good products and consumer trustfulness is attractive to investors. Further enthronisation into Sony, allows it to maintain its position of technological superiority.In addition, Sonys technological expertise meant that its products were attractive not only in Japan but throughout the rest of the world. But, Sony initially lacked knowledge in marketing and distribution and so initially used a distributor partner to export its products. This eventually changed when Sony acquired its own distribution system.For example, when Sony first introduced the Walkman in 1979, it did so in its home market first and followed this by introducing it under different brand names, Soundabout (USA) Stowaway (UK) and Freestyle in Australia (Uggla and Verick, 200) The company eventually standardised the Walkman name in the early 1980s. The adoption of the name was to communicate the brand and its products to the market. Sony was able to do this over time and learnt from technology and efficiency improvement which its applied it each of its markets.Product and Factor Market ImperfectionsSony embarked upon FDI as it understood it was able to overcome threats from local firms.Sonys strategy is to understand its consumers locally. The company therefore engages in RD and production in most of its subsidiary locations or within close proximity. This is so that it understands consumer tastes and local demand. This strategy can be explained using Caves, Product and factor imperfection.Sony is a market leader and so has superior technological experience and finance to establish local RD and production facilities to understand and satisfy consumer sensibilities. This provided an advantage as the c ompany could combine its know-how, to create products that rival indigenous firms.Internalisation TheoryThis applies to Sony as the company chose to enter the US under its own brand name as opposed to developing the technology and then selling it on to another company. It retained the knowledge, applied it to its new markets and gained an understanding of consumers in these locations. The company also established subsidiaries as opposed to export via distributors.Market Power ApproachThis theory applies to Sony through the number of mergers and acquisition the company has engaged in over the last 30 years.Sony has embarked upon a number of mergers and acquisitions throughout its history. The companys strategy is to own not only the content of its technology but also the means by which this technology is used. This has encouraged Sony to acquire music, film, and gaming companies, in order to better understand its consumers but also dictate the market. For example, the company has inc reased its power by being dominant within consumer electronics both nationally and internationally.In 2001, the 50 /50 Joint venture with Ericsson (a mobile communicate infrastructure and systems business establish in Sweden) created a separate entity whereby Sony designs, produces and markets cellular phones and accessories. In 2007, the company had revenues of 13 billion, from the sale of 100 million units which is a global market share of 9%. (Uggla and Verick, 2007)The partnership between these two firms establishes the argument that international production is conducted between industrialized countries and their companies. Moreover, this partnership was established so that both companies could gain a competitive advantage over domestic and international rivals. The ability of both companies to exploit the know-how of the partner and move into new industries can be understood through the market power approach. Sony is now active in the global mobile telecommunications industry. This has allowed it to internalise its know how further, and provided instant market presence within a new industry and new international markets. enunciate Count 3,419Figure 1.1 Internationalisation ProcessFigure 1.1 Entry into foreign markets the internationalisation process ( witness Rugman, 2009)SWOT AnalysisSTRENGTHSWEAKNESSESSony is a large corporation, it is able to concentrate and dedicate manpower to product quality, RD, marketing, distribution, etc.The company has very few time and financial constraints.Brand names and company know howInternal managementKey products e.g., Sony PlaystationSony designs, manufactures and sells its own products.Sonys return on investment has been low because of the large amount of capital dedicated to its factories. Sonys Return on Equity is typically around 5%, this could be higher.Large menOPPORTUNITIESTHREATSFocus on BRIC and emerging economiesContinue seeking diverse JVs with industry leading companies e.g., Sony EricssonContinue to d evelop and improve key consumer electronics, TV, computers, MP3 and wireless technology new-fashioned growth areas Mobile phone internet technologyOutsourced manufacturing to increase Return on EquityLarge Organisation Must proceed streamlineEconomic slowdownInterest rate differentialsFlat sales, move profit marginsLate comer to key electronic sectors, such as flat-screen TVs and digital videodisc recorders.AppendicesAppendix A. TimelineIn 1952 Totsuko (Sony) launched a successful tape-recorder businessIn 1955 Totsuko adopted the name Sony, it was believed that the name had not only worldwide appeal but also easy to pronounce. The company also launched its first Transistor Radio the TR-55 in this same year.In 1955, Sony enters into an agreement with Delmonico International to distribute it products within the US. In December, 1958 Sony launched its pocket sized radio the TR-63 to the US market.In January 1958, Sony is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. In 1959, Sony decides t o distribute its own products. (To protect its brand name)The assembly established Sony America and Sony Overseas S.A. established near Zurich, Switzerland, in 1960. The group launched the worlds first direct-view portable TV, the TV8-301. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 1961, the group was the first Japanese company to offer shares in the US, in the form of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) on the OTC market of the raw York Stock Exchange. In the following year, the group launched the worlds smallest and lightest transistor TV, TV5-303. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 1968, Sony (UK) Ltd. was established in the UK (later recognised as Sony UK Ltd., in 1993). The CBS/ SONY Records Inc. a 50 50 JV with CBS Inc of the US was also established this year.In 1970, Sonys shares were listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1971, Sony launched 3/4 -inch u-matic colour video cassette recorder. (Datamonitor, 2008)A factory was established in San Diego, California, in 1972, followed by a factory in Bridgend , Wales in 1974, which served both the UK and Europe. The Betamax VCR, the SL-6300, the worlds first home -use video system was introduced in 1975. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 1979, Sony Prudential Life insurance Co. Ltd, the 50-50 joint venture with Prudential Insurance Co. Of America, was established. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 1979, Sony launched the Walkman, the 3.5 inch micro floppy magnetic disk drive in 1981 the worlds first CD player in 1982 the first consumer camcorder in 1983 8mm video in 1988 and the first digital VTR in 1985. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 1988, the group bought CBS Record to form Sony Music Entertainment, and in 1989, the company purchased Columbia pictures, forming Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc., in 1991. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 1990, Sony acquires 12 business including CBS records INC and Columbia Tristar Pictures.In 1993, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc, was established, during the same time Sony launched the VAIO a home-se PC series. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 2001, the g roup established Sony Bank in Japan and Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 2001, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications establishedIn 2002, Sony absorbs Aiwa (a form Japanese audio visual manufacturer) via mergerIn 2003, Sony launched the worlds first next generation high capacity optical Blu-ray Disc recorder BDZ-S77. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 2004, Sony established a music distribution company, Sony BMG Music Entertainment. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 2005, Sony completed the acquisition of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), one of the worlds largest privately held, independent motion picture, television and home video companies. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 2009, the Sony decided to form a joint venture (JV) with Sharp Corporation. The JV which will be established in March 2010, will engage in the manufacturing and sales of liquid vitreous silica panel and liquid crystal module. (Datamonitor, 2008)Appendix B. Sonys Main BrandsNameType of productBraviaVisualCybershot recallDiscmanA udioPlaystation (23)Games ConsoleTrintonVisualWalkmanAudioSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationAppendix C. Sonys Main CompetitorsSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationAppendix D. Sonys Business ActivitiesSony operates through 5 segments 1.Electronic, 2.Games, 3.Finance, 4.Pictures and 5. OthersSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationAppendix E. Sony ProductsSource Datamonitor Sony Corporation

Art Museum Visit Reflection Paper

Art Museum Visit Reflection PaperVisit to the metropolitan Museum of Art at New York CityLast week I visited the metropolitan Museum of Art at New York City. This museum, also known as The Met is a huge building with nineteen departments and around two billion art gashs stored and displayed in its art galleries. The main art gallery of the museum, i.e. The Met is superstar of the largest galleries of the existenceThere be several categories of art whole kit and caboodle displayed in different portions of the museum. The main categories and collections of the art works displayed at the museum ar American art, Ancient Near Eastern art, American decorative arts, Asian art, Egyptian art, Greek and Roman art, African art, South American art, art related to to arms and armory, European art, Islamic art and spiritual collections. The art works include various forms, though moving-picture shows and sculpture are the main forms. Collections comprising weapons and armory, musical the ater instruments, costumes and building interiors are some other important art forms at display in the museum.Visit to museums has endlessly been a pleasant live on for me. Museums open doors to a world of fantasy. By entering the doors of a technical museum, it is possible to close off the doors of mind to the harsh realities of the real world for a while. Visit to a museum is akin to visiting a queen land. It is a wonderful and refreshing experience to see the relics of past from much(prenominal) close proximity. I have particularly been interested in paintings. A painting is aught less than an incarnation of the imagination of the painter. The manner in which an artist brings the lifeless canvas to life by using strokes of his or her brush is amazing. It is a life created by the artist using nothing more than few mundane objects like a brush, colors, oil or water and a canvas. Religious art works have always intrigued me a lot due to my interest in comparative count of reli gions and the collection at the Met was a treat for my eyes.I had a hazard to observe many beautiful and mesmerizing artworks at the museum but at the moment I will discuss the following three artworks, since the memories of these artworks are still fresh in my mind due to the strong fix made by thembloody shame and Child Enthroned with enshrinesStoclet MadonnaTemple of DendurMadonna and Child Enthroned with Saints were done by Italian painter named Raphael. Raphael belonged to the High spiritual rebirth era of art. This form of art was patronized by Pope Julius II and Italy was the focal point of this era and Michelangelo, Leonardo de Vinci and Raphael were the prominent artists This is a bourgeois erect of art and it was painted by Raphael when he was about xx one years old. This painting as the name depicts, shows Saint John, Saint Peter and Saint Paul with Madonna and the youngster. Raphael had painted this work for the convent of SantAntonio which was held at Perugia. O n the desires of the nuns, Raphael painted this work in a truly unprogressive manner and the painted shows Saint John and the Christ fully clothe in this work. Considering that it was an early work, this work has a strong influence of Raphaels teacher Perugino. A significant feature of this piece of art is the fact that at that place is only one panel of any altarpiece created by Raphael in the United States and apart from this work there is no other standardized artwork by Raphael in any American museum.. This art piece was completed in year 1504 and oil and gold have been employ as medium on a wooden base.The second piece of art is also about Madonna and child Christ. It is a painting as well. This piece shares another commonality with Raphaels piece in basis that it has also been painted by an Italian artist. This piece was painted by Duccio di Buoninsegna in the medieval era. The medium used by Duccio for this painting is poster colour and gold on a base of wood. This pai nting was bought by the Metropolitan Museum of Art for a cost of around forty five one thousand thousand US dollars and it is reportedly the costliest purchase of this museum. Surviving works of Duccio are very rare and this is the reason for the high value of this painting. This painting is known as Stoclet Madonna due to the fact that the name of the family which privately owned this paiting onwards its acquisition by the museum was Stoclet. The year of completion of this painting is around 1300 A.D and portrays the child Christ and the Virgin Mary only. Significant feature noted in this painting was the simplistic portrayal of the child and the mother and use of round forms.The third artwork which I want to write about in this narrative is not a painting but a synagogue. This temple was gifted by the government of the Republic of Egypt to United States in 1978. The superior location of this temple was around Aswan dam on the river Nile. This temple was be by submersion due t o construction of the dam and hence it was razed from its original location to save. In the 15th century BC, Egypt was ruled by a Roman governor named Petronius. This temple was built by Petronius in dedication to antediluvian patriarch Egyptian goddess Isis and her brother Osiris. Emperor Augustus of Rome licenced this temple. The structure of the temple is made of sandstone and the temple has various engravings and carvings depicting the religious symbols of the Roman-Egyptian era of the 15th century BC. Base of the temple shows carvings of lotus plants and papyrus. These symbols are associated with river Nile and river Nile in turn was religiously a symbol of life for the ancient Egypt in a similar manner as river Ganga is a religious connotations for Hindus in India. The most prominent theme that is repeated in the temple is the carvings of the forms of goddess Isis, her brother Osiris and their son Horus. Another striking feature is graffiti scribbled in English that were lef t by the visitors when the temple was in its original location.

the color purple Essay -- essays research papers

on that point be cosmosy racial comp nonpareilnts in this novel that are easy to point out. These bestow place in the American South and also in Africa. It starts with the way that all the faint men and women are treated at the start of the give. The primary(prenominal) records real father was a successful store proprietor who was black. This man was hanged for a reason that is known only as him macrocosm a successful black man. All the char twisters that we are introduced to in this book by Celie are exploited by the f mould that they are black. Sophia is turn tail up and jailed for her refusal to want to work for a white women. Of vogue she stood up for herself and the white element tried to posit her where her place was. There is also an intra racial theme that starts at the beginning of the book that is strenuous to actually hope. But to me it would make sense after awhile, because if the people tell you something over and over you would start to gestate and acce pt it. This is shown by the word meaning of what happen to Sophia by her peers. Albert shows this with his denial that Celie could do anything well because she is a black, poor, miserable woman. If in that location was not any self disapproval among these people than that Alberts black comment would not be prevalent. All the black characters in the book with the exception of Shug are poor and have a heavy(a) educational back round. It does not describe these characters as stupid nevertheless not well educated. This is inflicted by people selling them on how it is defile to educate a black person. The feminism components are more main stream than the racial issues. The women at the start of the account are judge to cook, clean, and lay down when told to. They are beaten when they do not heed their economize or man. The men act as if Women are thither to serve the man. Celie is forced to have sex with her meter father and her husband because she is not strong enough to say no to Albert or her step father. He just climb on top of me and do his military control says Celie. As if the women are there just to open her legs and let the man do what he wants to do. The real first theme of feminism is the act of Nettie to not give in and let Mr.__ have his way with her. In this act it showed him that he was not going to be able to take from a woman. That is a change because he had always gotten what he precious because Celie was just too scared to stand up to him. As the story moves along Sophia is... ...making pants for women. A great deal of this novel looks at Africa and the narrative changes. I believe that this change was important to show that there was a parallel of the components, the fact that the tribes were exploited as well as the people in the American south. The village was trampled by the white man because they believe that they were superior and the Africans had no right to stay where they were. The novel was a very good depiction of what lif e was like for the African American men and women for this time. I believe that years of the treatment conditioned the peoples to act as they did out of habit. All it takes is one idea or one stand to change and that is what happens for each character in the book. I believe that Walker did a great job in capturing the time and I agree with her view on racism and feminism. I would love to believe that none of this could have happened but I know that this sort of sociable action was the just the spark that women and African Americans needed to start to take the playing field. There were so many brave people that are not fictional that went through the same things that should be applauded for trying in the first place. by j. katz

All Things Wise And Wonderful :: All Things Wise And Wonderful

each Things well-advised and Wonderful jam HerriotThe book I read is called All Things wise(p) and Wonderful, written by James Herriot. This is the 3rd novel in a chain of five. These novels make a very kindle and famous poem.All Things Bright and Beautiful,All Creatures Great and Small,All Things Wise and Wonderful,The Lord immortal Made Them All.This poem has all of James Herriots book titles. James Herriot was a Scottish veterinarian who lived in Scotland during the time of World warfare Two. You could say that this book is an autobiography because this really happened to him and he has written it. In this book, James Herriot is at war in England. He is practiced the like any of the other soldiers, doing pushups and working all day. When he has days murder he likes to do his first career. This is as a veterinarian. He lives in Yorkshire, England and he goes to farms and peoples houses any time he can, just to help their animals.It all starts with him at war, nothing real scary, just care his regular duties. He seems to be very worried about his odontiasis because he is terrified of dentists. So he keeps his teeth in tinge top condition. The soldiers was very strict about hygiene. Then he goes on about how he likes gentle dentists.In the beginning of this extremely interesting book he starts to talk about women. He says that he likes women better than men, and I agree, because at this time in the English Army there where more men than women. The men would not stop cussing and holler and acting like slobs. He missed the comfort of women.James Herriot became a veterinarian because of his love for all the animals on this earth. He loves all animals and he knows how much an animal such as one out of cardinal cows is worth to a farmer.An incident that I found interesting in the book was when he went to a Gray Hound race. He was the substitute vet. He was given the orders to take out any dock that did not look fit to run.

Industrial Revolution Essay -- essays research papers

How Did The Industrial Revolution Affect A soulfulnesss Quality of Life?Ones quality of lifetime is defined as the degree of well-being felt by a person or a group of persons. It is concerned with a citizens consumption of goods and services, human rights and the environment. The industrial revolution have produced great wealth to umpteen citizens that influences their state of well being. Others may argue that the changes and advancements in parliamentary procedure have brought the burden of scarce resources, diseases and pollution among its people. Rather the opposite is true, the positive effects that the revolution have introduced such as the full(prenominal) availability of employment, food, and human rights and the opportunity for future growth overpowers these problems. Therefore it is immaculate to say that the benefits of the industrial revolution have improved ones quality of life.One characteristic that concerns the condition of a persons life is the freedom for an occupation. This period of change have conducted the use of machinery for many types of production. Some believe that the substitution of machines for human labor have created gamey rates of unemployment for many nations. Before the revolution, jobs were very limited because work was gross(a) through animal power and hand labor. Also many tasks requisite men with considerable skills which could only be accomplished through abundant hours of work and practice. In the past and in the present it could be distinctly seen that the sprouting fa...

Realism Term Paper -- Political Science

Realism by definition is an plan of attack to global politics derived from the tradition of power politics and belief that conduct is determined by the search for and distribution of power. 5 By using the judgment of power it is easy to discuss basics of realism. Realist theories argon based of beliefs that asseverates be motivated by aggressive or defensive urges, the theme reside is survival and states are unitary actors each moving towards their own national interest.4 The first key feature of realism is statism. Statism is an idea that the state is an holy representative of the will of its people.4 The state is sovereign and therefore is able to rule itself as it wants. With this sovereignty that state is able to institute security. After a state has established security it is then able to continue with a communal culture. In international relationships however sovereignty does not fork over security therefore a state must vie with its inhabit states to accomplish it. T his can lead to a power struggle to hold in that states people can live in security.5 A second key point of realism is survival. Survival to realists is rather unsubdivided the state with the most power stands a better likelihood of survival. of course it is believed that survival is the definitive objective of realism. To guarantee survival a state may stray from their set of ethics because it cannot worry about good issues. If state were to hold onto its set of beliefs, it may suffer at the disbursement of a more powerful state. In realism cases there are two conflicting segments, defensive and offensive realists.5 A state with a defensive realist perspective believes they must obtain enough power to fasten security, but not so much power that their security... ... event.Works Cited1.http//www.orsam.org.tr/tr/trUploads/Yazilar/Dosyalar/201229_ortadoguetutler_volume3_no2.pdf summon=11). Ozlem TUR. January 2012. ORSAM. 13 Apr. 20122.(http//www.laidi.com/sitedp/sites/default/f iles/The%20Arab%20Counterrevolution_0.pdf). Hussein Agha and Robert Malley. September 29 2011. The New York check of Books. 13 Apr. 20123.(http//www.pomeps.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/POMEPS_BriefBooklet4_Syria-TEXT_WEB-1.pdf) Mona Yacoubian and Radwan Ziadeh. 4 May 2011 Project on Middle due east Political Science. 13 Apr. 20124.Tim Dunne and Brian C. Schmidt, Realism, in John Baylis and Steve Smith, The Globalization of Politics An establishment to International Relations, 3rd ed. (Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 162-183.5.Mansbach, Richard and Kirsten Taylor, Introduction to Global Politics. New York Routledge. 2008 Print

Evolutionary Developmental Biology Essay -- Biology

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) was instituted in the early mid-eighties as a distinctive field of study to characterise the unfermented synthesis of phylogenesis hypothesis (Mller, 2007). Evo-devo is regarded as a new regularize in evolutionary biology and a complement to neo-Darwinian theories. It has organise from the combination of molecular developmental biology and evolutionary molecular genetic science their consolidation has helped greatly to understand both of these fields. Evo-devo as a sphere has been exploring the role of the process of individual development and the changes in evolutionary phenotype, gist the developmental procedure by which single-celled zygotes grow to be cellular organisms. Alterations in the developmental program frequently cause differences in openhanded morphology. When these alterations are helpful, they grow to be fixed in a creation and can result in the evolution of new phyla. Evo-devo seeks to figure prohibited how new groups happen by understanding how the method of development has evolved in different lineages. In other word, evo-devo explains the interaction between phenotype and genotype (Hall, 2007). news report of morphological novelty of evolutionary origins is one of the middle challenges in topical evolutionary biology, and is intertwined with energetic discussion regarding how to connect developmental biology to archetype perspectives from the theory of evolution (Laubichler, 2010). A large amount of theoretical and experiential effort is being devoted to novelties that have challenged biologists for more than one one C years, for instance, the basis of fins in fish, the fin-to-limb change and the evolution of feathers. The biology of development promises to give voice a main contribution to these... ...is. Moreover, the relationship between neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory and evo-devo is highly contested (Hoekstra and Coyne, 2007 Minelli, 2010). However, the understanding of evo-devo methods and how the characteristics of the morphologies of different species diverged eventually is lull comparatively limited. Craig (2010) stated that this field has obviously contributed to the understanding of genes and, subsequently, the understanding morphological characteristics of evolution in intricate organisms. There has been significant confirmation of evo-devos claim that regulatory modifications play an essential role in the evolution of shape. Evo-devo is the process of becoming a conceptual hub for an even larger integration of research areas in organismal biology, including genetics, ecology, paleontology, behavior, cognition, and other fields (Gerd B. Mller)

Essay --

All mammalian m differents feed their children breast milk directly from breast to mouth this motion is known as breastfeeding. The World Health Organization and UNICEF recommends early macrocosm of breastfeeding, within an hour of birth, and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life (Global schema for sister and young child feeding, WHO 2013). Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as the infant receiving however breast milk without the addition of solid foods or other liquids. The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are numerous, with the most highly recognized being apology against gastrointestinal infections, which have been shown to be a cause of mortality in infants. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) 2013 Breastfeeding Report Card, close to 77% of American children are breast feed at all, 40% are only when breastfed at three months old, and 16% by six months. Approximately 50% of mothers continue to breastfeed their children p ast six months, although the childs alimony is supplemented with solid foods and other liquids. Lack of breastfeeding has been linked to malnourishment, which is associated with 45% of child deaths globally (WHO 2013). In 2012, close to 100 million children under the age of quintuplet were below the wellnessy weight-to-height ratio as a consequence of malnutrition collect to inadequate feeding and multiple infections. Research has shown that the act of breastfeeding not only provides benefits for the child, but also mothers. According to the federal agency on womens health, breastfeeding has been associated with reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancers, and other womens health problems. Encouraging women to breastfeed exclusively for the first six months of thei... ...initiatives have change magnitude breastfeeding rates from 31% to 51% in a small rude community in Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada (Martens, 2000).Increasing educational initiatives to encourage breastfeeding can be further fortified by encouraging the involvement of family and close friends in the decision-making process. The support of family members such as spouses, siblings, and the infants grandparents is essential in helping the mother as she decides how the baby will be fed and providing the necessary support once the baby is born. Family members can also look as mentors to mothers who are considering their infants feeding options. The babys grandmother, for example, can be a key influence by sacramental manduction her breastfeeding experience with her pregnant daughter or daughter-in-law. A mothers perspective on breastfeeding is greatly influenced by the community around her.

The Tibetan Family Essay -- Tibet Marriage Children Women Papers

The Tibetan FamilyFamily life is the core element that square offs the population of a country. It gives Identity to a convention people by the way they leave out their day to day operations and the customs and ideals that argon eccentric to that group of people. Family life can be difficult to define as it comprises so many elements such as housing, education, gender roles, family size, health, education, and religion. These are solely critical inputs that ultimately determine the situation in a family and how that group of people goes about their lives.There are no typical Tibetan families some are rich, some are poor, some are wandering(a) others are urban, some families live in Tibet but there are also a great number living in transportation system in other countries. They all suck one thing in common though every Tibetan family has been either directly or indirectly affected by the Chinese occupation. The Tibetan people have been labored to abandon their old methods and principles that defined who they were as a grow and now have to try to adapt to the new ones that have been forced upon them.This paper will examine the many ways in which Tibetan families have been directly and indirectly affected through examining the inherent components that define a Tibetan family, and how these have changed since the Chinese occupation. Family life in Tibet has changed ceaselessly and the Tibetans have been forced into a metamorphosis and restructuring of their family life to assume a new form. It looks as though their former heritage is likely to be lost forever.Defining a typical Tibetan family is a attached impossible task because the structure and dynamics of every family are as unique as the individuals that comprise them. I will begin by first examinin... ...Dec 28 1994, http//www.tibet.ca/wtnarchive/1994/12/28_1.html14 Free Tibet Campaign, 11/18/03, http//www.freetibet.org/information/facts/fact6.html15 Free Tibet Campaign, 11/18/03, http//www.free tibet.org/info/facts/fact6.html16 Victor Mansfield, Oral Statement, Colgate University, 200317 Households and Women in Tibetan Pastoral Region, Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, vol. 35, no. 2, pg 418 Households and Women in Tibetan Pastoral Region, Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, vol. 35, no. 2, pg 419 The Making of Modern Tibet, A. gobbler Grunfeld 1987, pg 1820 Households and Women in Tibetan Pastoral Region, Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, vol. 35, no. 2, pg 521 The Making of Modern Tibet, A. Tom Grunfeld 1987, pg 1622 Immigrant Tibetan Children in US Schools An Invisible Minority Group, Nawang Phuntsog23 Ibid

Berkeley :: essays research papers

BerkeleyAs gentleman progressed through the various stages of evolution, it is assumed that ata certain charge up he began to ponder the earth around him. Of course, these firstattempts fell con of being scholarly, probably consisting of a few grunts andsnorts at best. As prison term passed on, though, these radicals persisted and wereeventually tackled by the more intellectual, so-called philosophers. Thus,excavation of "the external world" began. As the authoritarinism of the ancientsgave way to the more liberal views of the modernists, dickens main(prenominal) typesetsconcerning epistemology and the nature of the world arose. The first view wasexemplified by the empiricists, who stated that all friendship comes from thesenses. In opposition, the rationalists maintained that knowledge comes purelyfrom deduction, and that this knowledge is processed by certain innate schema inthe mind. Those that belonged to the empiricist school of thought highly-developedquite separate and distinct ideas concerning the nature of the substratum ofsensible objects. caper Locke and David Hume upheld the belief that sensiblethings were composed of stuff and nonsense substance, the basic framework for thematerialist position. The main figure who believed that material substance didnot exist is George Berkeley. In truth, it is the immaterialist position thatseems the most logical when placed under close scrutiny.The initial innovation for Berkeleys position is the truism that thematerialist is a skeptic. In the writing of his three dialogues, Berkeleydevelops two characters Hylas (the materialist) and Philonous (Berkeleyhimself). Philonous draws upon one central supposition of the materialist toformulate his argument of skepticism against him this idea is that one foundationnever distinguish the real marrow of anything. In short, the materialist feelsthat the information received through sense experience gives a congressmanpicture of the outside world (t he representative theory of perception), and one sens not penetrate to the true essece of an object. This makes logical sense, forthe only way to perceive this real essence would be to become the object itselfAlthough the idea is logical, it does yield a certain grounding foragnosticism. Let the reader consider this if in that respect is no way to actually sensethe true material essence of anything, and all knowledge in empiricism comesfrom the senses, then the real material essence can not be perceived andtherefore it can not be posited. This deserves careful consideration, for thematerialist has been self-proclaimed a skeptic If the believer in this theorywere asked if a mythical beast such as a cyclops existed he would most certainlysay no. As part of his reply he might add that because it can not be sensed it

Depression in Hamlet Essay -- William Shakespeare

In the dramatist hamlet by William Shakespeare, Hamlet often shows many signs of depression. It is argued whether he is set on the act, or if he is actually severely depressed. I look at after the death of his father, Hamlet becomes very emotionally unstable. Three things expunge Hamlet, the death of his father, the remarriage of his mother, and Ophelia. Hamlet contemplates death, and becomes prepared to die near the end of the play.When Hamlet Senior dies Hamlet seems lost. Depression commonly follows a loved superstars death. He finds no true meaning in life. He wonders if we are only here to eat and sleep. What is a man/If his foreland good and market of his time/ Be but to sleep and founder? A beast, no more./ Sure He that made us with such large discourse,/Looking before and after, gave us not/ That capability and providential reason/ To fust in us unused. Now whether it be. Bestial oblivion or some craven scruple/ Of thinking too precisely on th event (4.4 35-43).In t he following soliloquy Hamlet contemplates suicide. To be or not to be- that is the question/Whether tis nob...

Expansion of western europe Essay -- essays research papers

The expansion of horse opera europium started with the Iberian phase. Spain and Portugal, the two countries of the Iberian Peninsula, had a short-lived unless important role in European expansion. European expansion and so turned to Western Europe. Western Europe consists of the Dutch, French, and British. While Western Europe was exploring new manhoods everywhereseas, the Russians were expanding westward across both of Eurasia.Religion played a major role in expansion for both the Portuguese and the Spanish due to their extensive anti-Muslim crusade. Due to the over zealous religious ecstasy of the Christian Iberians, Christianity and thus the Iberians expanded into parts of western Europe during the crusades as Christians tried to convert the Muslims who were occupying this area. The Iberians did not stop with the European mainland they were also expanding overseas. They were fire in the fertile land of the Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores and Cape Verde. These islands wou ld also raise to be strategic acquisitions for the Iberians, as they would eventually provide the Iberians with bases and ports to be use for commerce. Throughout the 15th century the Spanish and Portuguese had been exploring lands throughout the Atlantic which drove Queen Isabella of Spain to commission Christopher Columbus in 1492 to Discover and rent islands and mainland in the ocean sea (p.340) which eventually led to the discovery of newton America. In the mid 1400s Spain and Portugal began to take separate routes of discovery. Prince Henry of Portugal, in reaction to the short progress of bullion in Western Europe, was interested in sending his captains to the African coast in search of gold. As a result, many Portuguese ports were established along the African coast and The Portuguese were able to exploit at least a part of the African caravan trade they had sought. (p.340) While Portugal was focused on expansion along the African coast the Spanish were the first to discov er the new military man despite the lack of geographical k instantaneouslyledge the Spaniards and Columbus in special(prenominal) possessed. This new world wasnt quite what Columbus had though it was, provided as Columbus maintained to his death that he had reached Asia. He hadnt, He had landed at one of the Bahaman Islands, San Salvador. (p. 342) Columbus distorted reality turn up to... ...d 18th centuries ended in an overwhelming British triumph. (p.364). Britain now had fatten out control of the New England colonies of North America.While the western Europeans were busy expanding all over the globe the Russian focused on expansion into Asia. The convocation of the Russian lands (p373) occurred during the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century. All of Russia was now united under Moscow. The Russians eventually crossed the Ural Mountains and gained control of all of Siberia. The Russians and then moved southward into the Amur valley where they More than met their ma tch (p.375) the Chinese empire. The age of Russian expansion ended with the signing of the Nerchinsk treaty, which remained in effect for over 170 years.Due to the explorations of the Iberians, Dutch, English, French and Russians, lands were discovered that encompass a braggart(a) portion of the world as we know it today. Due to many advances in maritime technology, geography and military powers, these groups were able to conquer much of the world in a relatively short amount of time.

The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Essays Papers

The sugarcoat menagerieSymbolism is a major aspect in Tennessee Williams famous play, The Glass Menagerie. On the surface, the short slice of life story seems to be simple. However, if the lecturer digs deeper they will find that there atomic number 18 several symbols that give back the play a deeper meaning. Each display case defines from each one symbol in a different way. There are some very broad symbols that can be analyzed when studying The Glass Menagerie. The first is the literal glass menagerie that represents the fragility of the Wingfields dreamlike existence. The second is the fire escape, which reflects each characters tendency to escape from reality in their own ways. The third is the chickenhearted dress, which represents youth and the past. The actual animal parade, or glass menagerie, symbolizes each character in the story. Like the glass animals, the characters realities are very fragile and in danger of being shattered. It is also as though the characters are stuck in glass, unable to move or change, also like the glass animals. They are inanimate, as the characters have learned to be to hide and escape from the hassle that life has given them. Laura loves the glass animals because her family is like them. It will not start out much, like Tom leaving, to shatter their whole world.Laura is symbolized by her fragile collection of glass animals, the glass menagerie. Her favorite animal is the unique unicorn. The unicorn is different because it has a horn. When Lau...

Death Penalty :: essays research papers

The death penalty or as it is officially called capital penalty should be totally abolished for many a(prenominal) reasons. First and frontmost no one should have the right to take anyone elses life, incomplete individually nor as a society representative, has the right to take some other mans life, charge apart from the fullness of his guilt. (Thinkquest,).Killing is a sin under God. Thou shall not kill is one of the cristal commandments. Although not everyone in this earth is Christian our constitution was founded on the regulation that we are one country under God. Through come on history there have been a number of parameters in favor of capital punishment. These arguments admit the deterrent argument, the retribution argument and the protection of the state-supported argument. The deterrent argument claims that the death penalty serves as a deterrent to nefariouss because it instills fear sufficiently to stop criminals. However, statistically this has been foun d not to be true. None of the many studies about the matter has been able to show the death penalty is more(prenominal) deterrent than other punishments. (EZ,). Most people who commit the most serious evils do so under unnatural circumstances. Fear is not even present. Most serious crimes such as murdersare committed when the criminal is blinded with passion, when emotions prevail over reason. (Collegain,). Even those who plan crimes such as murders do so thinking that they are not going to be discovered. Criminologist assert that the best way to discourage murderers isnt by increase the severity of punishment but by increasing the possibility of discovering the crime and condemning the culprit.(Thinkquest,). Retribution as a reason for capital punishment assumes that the public wants revenge. Although victims of crimes and their relatives deserve to know that the criminal is being punished for their crime, our country beliefs in rehabilitation. Penalties do not have to tend to t he revenge or the mere punishment of the criminal, but must reeducate him and rehabilitate him morally and humanly and what rehabilitation would be possible towards a dead man.(EZ).To protect the public from dangerous criminals it is not necessary to kill them. Again, the idea is that our penal trunk is supposed to rehabilitate people. In fact, in order to carry out justice and fearing the neglect of details and legal means to which the sentenced can apply, protracts trials and postpones the execution, so the condemned its often changed from the man who committed the crime with the result of executing pe3ople divers(prenominal) from the condemned ones.

Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - Typical Revenge Tragedy :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

critical point as a Typical retaliation Tragedy Shakespeares Hamlet very closely follows the dramatic conventions of penalise in Elizabethan theater. All revenge tragedies originally stemmed from the Greeks, who wrote and performed the commencement ceremony plays. After the Greeks came Seneca who was very influential to all Elizabethan disaster writers. Seneca who was Roman, fundamentally set all of the ideas and the norms for all revenge play writers in the spiritual rebirth era including William Shakespeare. The two most famous English revenge tragedies create verbally in the Elizabethan era were Hamlet, written by Shakespeare and The Spanish Tragedy, written by Thomas Kyd. These two plays used mostly all of the Elizabethan conventions for revenge tragedies in their plays. Hamlet especially incorporated all revenge conventions in one air or another, which truly made Hamlet a typical revenge play. Shakespeares Hamlet is one of many heroes of the Elizabethan and Jacobean sta ge who finds himself grievously wronged by a powerful figure, with no recourse to the law, and with a crime against his family to avenge. Seneca was among the greatest authors of classical tragedies and there was not one educated Elizabethan who was unaware of him or his plays. there were veritable stylistic and different strategically thought out devices that Elizabethan playwrights including Shakespeare erudite and used from Senecas great tragedies. The five act structure, the appearance of some form of ghost, the one line exchanges known as stichomythia, and Senecas use of long rhetorical speeches were all later used in tragedies by Elizabethan playwrights. virtually of Senecas ideas were originally taken from the Greeks when the Romans conquered Greece, and with it they took home many Greek theatrical ideas. whatever of Senecas stories that originated from the Greeks like Agamemnon and Thyestes which dealt with bloody family histories and revenge captivated the Elizabe thans. Senecas stories werent really written for exercise purposes, so if English playwrights liked his ideas, they had to figure out a way to make the story theatrically workable, relevant and exciting to the Elizabethan listening who were very demanding. Senecas influence formed part of a developing customs duty of tragedies whose plots hinge on political power, forbidden sexuality, family honor and private revenge. There was no author who exercised a wider or deeper influence upon the Elizabethan fountainhead or upon the Elizabethan form of tragedy than did Seneca. For the dramatists of Renaissance Italy, France and England, classical tragedy meant only the ten Latin plays of Seneca and not Euripides, Aeschylus and Sophocles.

ritalin Essay -- essays research papers

P bents throughout the country are being pressured and compelled by schools to put psychiatric drugs to their children. Teachers, school psychologists, and administrators commonly make dire threats almost their inability to teach children without medicating them. They sometimes suggest that only medication can round of drinks off a bleak future of delinquency and occupational failure. They hitherto call child protective services to investigate parents for child default and they sometimes testify against parents in court. Often the schools recommend particular physicians who elevate the enjoyment of stimulant drugs to st group A down behavior. These stimulant drugs include methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, and Metadate) or forms of amphetamine (Dexedrine and Adderall).My purpose today is to provide to this class the scientific infrastructure for rejecting the use of stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or for the control of behavior in the classroom or home. I. Escalating Rates of Stimulant ethical drug Stimulant drugs, including methylphenidate and amphetamine, were first approved for the control of behavior in children during the mid-1950s. Since then, there have been periodic attempts to promote their usage, and periodic public reactions against the practice. In fact, the first Congressional hearings critical of stimulant medication were held in the archaeozoic 1970s when an estimated 100,000-200,000 children were receiving these drugs. Since the early 1990s, North America has turned to psychoactive drugs in unprecedented numbers for the control of children. In November 1999, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) warned about a record six-fold increase in Ritalin production amidst 1990 and 1995. In 1995, the global Narcotics Control Board (INCB), a agency of the arena Health Organization, deplored that 10 to 12 percent of all boys between the ages 6 and 14 in the United States have been diagnosed as having ADD and are being treated with methylphenidate Ritalin. In March 1997, the board declared, "The healing(p) use of methylphenidate is now under scrutiny by the American medical community the INCB welcomes this." The United States uses approximately 90% of the worlds Ritalin. The number of children on these drugs has continued to escalate. A recent study in Virginia indicated that up to 20% of white... ...the treatment of children diagnosed with ADHD Part I Acute risks and psychological effects. estimable Human Sciences and Services, 1 13-33. Breggin, P. (1999c). Psychostimulants in the treatment of children diagnosed with ADHD Risks and mechanism of action. International diary of Risk and Safety in Medicine, 12, 3-35. By special arrangement, this brood was originally published in two parts by springer spaniel Publishing Company in Ethical Human Sciences and Services (Breggin 1999a&b). Breggin, P. (2000). Reclaiming our children A healing solution for a nati on in crisis. Cambridge, mamma Perseus Books. Lambert, N. (1998). Stimulant treatment as a risk factor for nicotine use and substance abuse. Program and Abstracts, pp. 191-8. NIH Consensus Development Conference Diagnosis and Treatment of fear Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. November 16-18, 1998. William H. Natcher Conference Center. National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, Maryland. Zito, J.M., Safer, D .J., dosReis, S., Gardner, J.F., Boles, J., and Lynch, F. (2000). Trends in the prescribing of psychotropic medications to preschoolers. Journal of the American Medical Association, 283, 1025-1030.

Bradstreets The Author to Her Book :: Bradstreet Author to Her Book Essays

In Anne Bradstreets poem The Author to Her Book, the controlling metaphor is the image of a baby being born and cargond for. This birth imagery expresses the complex lieu of the utterer by demonstrating that the speaker units low regard for her own work and her actions are contradictory.      The first effect of the birth imagery is to pre direct the speakers mass as a reflection of what she sees in herself. Unfortunately, the shaver displays blemishes and crippling handicaps, which represent what the speaker sees as deep faults and imperfections in herself. She is not besides embarrassed tho ashamed of these flaws, even considering them unfit for light. Although she is repulsed by its flaws, the speaker understands that her book is the offspring of her own feeble brain, and the lamentable errors it displays are because her own.      When the speakers book is returned by the publisher, the speakers attempt to wash (the) face of her child only w orsens the image of herself that she sees in it. Washing the child, rubbing off a blemish, and stint its joints but failing to improve his imperfections all contribute to an image of the speaker rewriting her book, desperately trying to raise its quality up to her noble standards, but discovering in the process that its imperfections and errors run too deep to be corrected, as do her own.      In the second half of the poem, a bran-new facet of the speakers pose is displayed. In line 17, she wants to improve the ugliness of her child by giving him new clothes however, she is too poor to do so, having nought save homespun cloth with which to dress her child. In the lowest stanza, the speaker reveals poverty as her motive for allowing her book to be sent to a publisher (sending her child out into the world) in the first place. This makes her attitude seem to contradict her actions.

How does Mrs. Doubtfire change peoples lives? Essay -- English Literat

How does Mrs. Doubtfire careen peoples lives?In this essay, we will be analysing the influence that Mrs Doubtfirespersonality has on the characters nearly her. Moreover, we will be equal to see how her presence causes a duty period in the behaviourof each member of the family, following their encounters with her.The film which is equal to us as a comedy, actually revealsitself to be of a to a greater extent serious nature. The film is doctor in modern SanFrancisco and shows the break-down of a uniting between Miranda, acareer woman and Daniel, a man with mother fucker Pan type traits. The threekids are pulled emotionally between the deuce parents, who arecontinually fighting. The novelty of the film is the Nanny, MrsDoubtfire, who is actually the husband in disguise, professionallymade up by Daniels brother. The humour of the emplacement is taken tothe limits but the film leads us to a believable ending.Daniel Hillard, the father, is shown to us in the opening moments ofthe film, as a person of unusual talent. The submit he has for imitatingvoices is wonderful, but he wont say script lines he doesnt virtuouslyagree withMillions of kids see this cartoon do u think its remunerate to promotesmoking to the youth of America?This sequence provides us with a development of the characters innerpersonality, showing strong morals and consciences. Thesecharacteristics are however, unfitting with an actors job and sohe reveals himself as an undisciplined and foolish person. When heloses his job we realise that he is very irresponsible and that losinghis job is plum usual for him and his kids. Although hurt by thingsgoing wrong, he is not able to see his own faults and do anything tochange. Anoth... ...a finds it unfair that she has to always make authorized her littlesister and brother get home safely. Mrs Doubtfire gives her someoneshe goat safely rebel against giving her an outlet for her feelings andshe slowly grows up. For example she manages to set asi de her prideand apologise to Mrs. Doubtfire. She starts to trust and confide inMrs. Doubtfire. She becomes more(prenominal) helpful and mature.To conclude, the film can be looked at by distinguishable age groups and indifferent ways. As a comedy or a comedy with a moral- that if parents try out hard nice separations an be made less painful. Or as a dramatic event offamily life that uses comedy to make it more palatable showing thatrelationships go for to be worked on all the time by both partners. Thatmaybe, we should try to put a little bit of Mrs. Doubtfires effortinto our lives to improve ourselves A film truly for all.

Societies Case for Censorship. :: essays research papers

Pornography and obscenity is all we see and hear ab extinct now in the news, with no exception to most movies and even TV. As of 12 years old this issue strikes a bigger interest than in the past. When I flip by means of the channels and see the news or watch a TV show there is something always on that a younger child should not be watching or learning about unless they are older. When the world censoring is thrown somewhat it is a very controversial issue with the rights of the people and the way the lodges want to present their product. When Irving Kristol wrote his article Pornography, obscenity and the case for censoring he was putting down his absorbs and his opinions the topic of censorship and all the other obscenities in the world. Kristol is proposing a very conservative and clean way to view American literature with all its freedoms to publish what ever is wanted. When reading his article it brings up many different blooms such as her main fountainhead of for th e plain fact is that we all believe that there is a point at which the public authorities ought to step in to limit the self-expression of an individualistic or a group(604), this is exactly the way I olfaction on the topic. When reading this article you have to look at the exchange claim that the author is making and agree with him or disagree. when liberation through this reading there where areas of its claims that have you thinking about our conjunction and husbandry as a whole, that we are a species that loves its different types of uncensored media as well as its pornography and violence in their sports and everyday lives, no connection can be utterly different to the ways that its citizens in public entertain themselves. Bearbaiting and cockfighting are prohibited only in part out of compassion for the animals the main reason is that such spectacles were felt to charge and brutalize the citizenry who flocked to witness them (604). When Kristol speaks about his ideas of censorship his claim that angiotensin-converting enzyme day, not now but someday soon that the government is going to have to take this issue of censorship within a society and place in their hands. In essence Kristol is saying that this issue of censorship is not being carried out forcefully enough and it is hurting our society in the long run.

William Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay -- Shakespeare Antony

William Shakespeares Antony and CleopatraHeaven help the American-born boy with a talent for ballet Camille Paglia The prim and proper women and the strong and strapping men are no match for Shakespeares haze of characters muddled unitedly in Antony and Cleopatra. As al expressions Shakespeare delivers a luminary cast of individuals that twist from the socially accepted gender roles. As the audience works its way through the fierce genesis to the catastrophic resolution, it is do much than probable that lines are being crossed all over societys conformist board of gender specific expectations. The character that was most amplified in this context was the stunning Cleopatra. Less like a lady and more like a warrior, the audience was witness to this Egyptian queen get her cameo with a barrage of games she endlessly threw Antonys way in a sly attempt to win his affections. Nay, pray you seek no colorise for your going, but bid farewell and go (1.3.33-34). Cleo patra occasionally showed signs of her young-bearing(prenominal) incline through bouts of the play however the majority of her presence was swarming with an aura of resiliency and strength. Other characters even mentioned her with such traits in mind for example, Caesar proclaimed Lepidus is non more manlike than Cleopatra (1.3.5-6). Her strength was defined most in her sweetheart she makes hungry where most she satisfies for vildest things become themselves in her (2.2.236-237). However, it was also present in her behavior. Cleopatra was a meek woman by no means. She stood up for the things she believed in. When upset, she presented her shrewish side. Hence, Horrible Villian, or Ill spurn thine eyes like balls onwards me Ill unhair thy head,... ...e 6, Enobarbus and Menas vocally agreed upon the lying and seduction methods of the female population. In Act 3, Scene 12, Caesar prattled on about the inherently weaker side of women. In some cases it was even considered an insult that the men might be compared to women. For shame, transmute us not to women (4.2.35). In Antony and Cleopatra, the important point one essential recognize is not the battles present both in love and war, but the toe that is continuously slide across the line which Shakespeare always matte up inclined to cross. There were no prototypical male or female protagonists in Shakespeares world. It is a factor that should always be acknowledge when stewing over this brilliant playwrights work. Boundaries were meant to be crossed, and Shakespeare made his belief just as apparent in the sloshing of gender roles in Antony and Cleopatra.